By DON McINTOSH, Associate Editor
Democratic Oregon House speaker Jeff Merkley is challenging two-term
Republican incumbent Gordon Smith for U.S. Senate. It could end
up a close race, in which votes from union households make the difference.
Smith has tried to cultivate an image as a moderate, but he has
opposed a labor agenda often enough that most unions are backing
Merkley. A few labor organizations are staying out of the race.
Just one union has endorsed Smith.
Merkley, 51, is the son of a machinist, and a graduate of David
Douglas High School in outer Southeast Portland. He earned degrees
from Stanford and Princeton, went to work for the Pentagon and the
Congressional Budget Office, and returned to Portland in 1991, where
he headed Habitat for Humanity, then the World Affairs Council,
and then worked as an affordable housing advocate. He was elected
to the Oregon House in 1998, served five terms, and was elected
House speaker in 2006. As speaker, he led passage of more pro-labor
bills in one session than had passed in the previous decade.
Merkley got the Oregon AFL-CIO’s second highest ranking among
all lawmakers in 2007 —and its endorsement in the Senate race.
His lifetime average for the four previous legislative sessions
is 97 percent. In 10 years in office, Merkley disagreed with the
labor federation on only two recorded votes — a tax break
for Nike and funding for Jobs Plus.
Merkley is a member of the AFL-CIO’s community affiliate,
Working America, and his wife, Mary Sorteberg, is a nurse and an
active member of her union, the Oregon Nurses Association.
Smith, 56, is one of the richest members of the U.S. Senate, with
a net worth of $23 million. He owns Smith Frozen Foods, a food-processing
business founded by his grandfather, which today processes about
one-tenth of the frozen peas, corn and diced carrots in the United
States. Smith grew up in Maryland and went to college at Brigham
Young and Southwestern University Law School. His father was assistant
U.S. secretary of agriculture under President Dwight Eisenhower.
His brother was appointed by President George W. Bush to a judge
seat on the Ninth Circuit U. S. Court of Appeals. Smith moved to
Oregon in the 1980s to take over the family business. He was elected
to the Oregon Senate in 1992 and became Senate president in 1995.
During his two terms in the State Senate, Smith voted with the Oregon
AFL-CIO 25 percent of the time.
In January 1996, Smith lost a close race against Democrat Ron Wyden
in a bruising special election to fill the U.S. Senate seat of Republican
Bob Packwood, who resigned following a highly publicized sex scandal.
When Republican U.S. Sen. Mark Hatfield retired later that year,
Smith ran again. This time he defeated political newcomer Tom Bruggere.
Smith easily won re-election in 2002, defeating Oregon Secretary
of State Bill Bradbury.
As a U.S. senator, Smith has voted in agreement with the national
AFL-CIO 24 percent of the time: In 11 years of tracked votes, Smith
agreed with the labor federation 31 times and disagreed 100 times.
About two-thirds of the pro-labor votes were cast in an election
year or the year before, whereas in the years immediately after
his two election wins he voted against the AFL-CIO 100 percent of
the time.
Occasions on which Smith agreed with labor included a 2007 ‘no’
vote on a bill that would have banned “card check” as
a method of unionization. He also voted for bills that would have
allowed Medicare to bargain over drug prices, and would have legalized
importation of prescription drugs. Several times, Smith has voted
to preserve the requirement that construction workers on federal
projects be paid the prevailing wage.
Partly in gratitude for that, the Oregon State Building and Construction
Trades Council endorsed Smith’s re-election bid in 2002. This
year, however, the council is staying out of the race, and two building
trades organizations have endorsed Merkley — the Oregon State
Association of Electrical Workers, and Exterior and Interior Specialists
Local 2154 of the Carpenters Union.
That may be because on so many key issues — trade policy,
workers’ rights, tax fairness — Smith is a labor opponent.
When the union movement’s top priority, the Employee Free
Choice Act, made it to the Senate floor in 2007 with majority support,
Smith joined a handful of Republican senators to block it. On a
vote of 51-48, the Senate voted for cloture — to shut off
debate. Sixty votes are needed to invoke cloture and end the debate
and move to a vote on the bill. So even though a majority of the
Senate voted for cloture (and supported the bill), Smith and a few
others wouldn’t let it happen.
That vote is one of the things that cost Smith the support of the
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, said Joint Council 37 Representative
Lynn Lehrbach. Smith’s company has had a decent working relationship
with Teamsters Local 839, Lehrbach said. And Joint Council 37 backed
Smith for re-election in 2002. This year the union has endorsed
Merkley.
Merkley is a strong supporter of the Employee Free Choice Act, and
has taken flak for it from voters because national anti-union groups
are running television ads criticizing him for it, saying the bill
would strip workers of the “secret ballot” in union
elections.
“The Employee Free Choice Act doesn’t take away any
right to a ballot,” Merkley told the Labor Press. “Since
about 1935 there’ve been two ways for workers to form unions.
One is through a majority of folks signing a card. And the other
is through an election. But it’s the employer who has control
of that choice. And I think workers should have control of the choice.
It’s that simple.”
When the Oregon AFL-CIO began pro-Merkley mailings to union members,
Smith campaign spokesperson Lindsay Gilbride told the Oregonian
that “Jeff Merkley’s union bosses” were distorting
Gordon Smith’s re-cord.
Despite multiple requests, the Smith campaign did not agree to an
interview in which he could have defended his record in the eyes
of the Labor Press’ 50,000-plus union member readers. Nor
did Gilbride respond, as promised, to e-mailed questions about trade,
workers’ rights and retirement security.
The record is left to speak for itself.
Smith voted against allowing airport screeners to unionize. He voted
against increasing the federal minimum wage when that proposal had
no other provisions attached. He voted to stop a requirement that
employers try to prevent ergonomic injuries (the first time Congress
had ever stepped in to nullify an Occupational Safety and Health
Administration rule).
Smith voted for the 2001 and 2003 Bush tax cuts, in which most of
the tax savings went to the wealthiest taxpayers. Thanks to the
2001 cut, income from capital gains and dividends is now taxed at
a lower rate than income earned from wages. And the Bush tax cuts
sent the federal budget from surplus to deficit. [Merkley says he
would vote to eliminate the Bush tax cuts for citizens earning more
than 250,000 a year.]
Smith told Northwest Oregon Labor Council delegates at an August
2007 breakfast that he would work with labor to reform national
labor law so that it’s not so stacked against workers. Nothing
appears to have come of that pledge.
When Bush tried to privatize Social Security in 2005, Smith, who
was then the chair of the Senate Special Committee on Aging, took
no public position, but echoed Bush Administration talking points
about Social Security being in dire need of a fix.
Merkley says he would never support Social Security privatization.
He downplays the urgency of Social Security insolvency, and says
he would not vote to raise the cap on Social Security taxes —
currently individuals pay no Social Security tax on income over
$102,000.
Merkley’s Senate campaign is endorsed by over a dozen labor
organizations, including the state’s largest public and private
sector unions. They include Oregon AFSCME Council 75, United Food
and Commercial Workers Local 555, the International Longshore and
Warehouse Union, the Oregon Machinists Council, and the Oregon State
Police Officers Association.
Just one union is endorsing Smith — the Oregon State Fire
Fighters Council.
“Gordon Smith has a great track record on our issues,”
said Bob Livingston, IAFF’s Oregon state council legislative
director. Livingston said Smith co-sponsored IAFF’s top priority,
a bill that would require all states to give collective bargaining
rights to public safety workers. Smith also supported increased
federal funding for local fire departments, favorable tax treatment
for retired public safety officers, and making it easier for surviving
spouses to get public safety pensions.
Of course, Merkley, too, is “a great friend and supporter
of working families,” Livingston said. Last year, Merkley
led passage of a state law that restored the right of public safety
unions to bargain over safety conditions. That right had been stripped
from police and fire unions in 1995 — by a law Smith helped
pass when he was Oregon Senate president.
But Smith is the incumbent, and he backed IAFF in the Senate, Livingston
said: “Our mantra is that we support those that support us.”
Health care is a big issue for union voters. Smith is a co-sponsor
of a bill authored by Sen. Wyden, which would replace employer-sponsored
health coverage with a requirement that individuals buy insurance.
Merkley says he also supports Wyden’s plan, but with some
reservations: It should not end existing health care plans that
workers have negotiated with their employers, and individuals would
need to have a public insurance option to choose from and not be
forced to choose among profit-making insurance companies.
When it comes to trade policy, Smith has a perfect record of support
for NAFTA-style treaties, “fast track” and normalizing
trade relations with China and Vietnam. Even in the Oregon Senate
in 1993, Smith voted against a symbolic resolution asking Congress
not to ratify NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement).
Merkley, on the other hand, is a vocal critic of NAFTA, and not
just in front of union audiences.
“They call it free trade,” Merkley says in a television
ad. “Problem is there’s nothing free about it, and Oregon
has paid a very heavy price, with nearly 70,000 jobs shipped overseas.”
“Imagine that in Oregon there was one city that had no environmental
rules and no labor rules,” Merkley told the Labor Press. “Where
would all the manufacturing go? They’d be sucked out of every
other city in the state.”
“Workers have been getting the short end of the stick,”
Merkley said. “For the last 30 years, the standard of living
has been flat or declining for 80 percent of Americans. We need
two senators representing Oregon working together to fight for our
workers and our families rather than doing favors and giving away
funds to powerful special interests.”
Editor’s Note: U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden has endorsed Merkley’s
campaign. In a press statement, Wyden pointed to the Democratic
Party’s slim 51-49 margin in the Senate. “We have seen
more successful filibusters from the Republicans in the Senate than
we have ever seen in the history of our country,” Wyden said.
“You’ve got to have 60 votes to move ahead — to
break a filibuster to move on ... .”
Two debates are scheduled between Smith and Merkley: One in
Portland Oct. 10 will be aired on KGW-TV Portland, and one in Medford
Oct. 13 will air on KOBI-TV Medford, KOTI-TV Klamath Falls, KLSR-TV
Eugene and KEVU-TV Eugene.
